Stargazers can ring in the beginning of 2025 by witnessing the first meteor shower of the year.
The Quadrantids, one of the “strongest” displays of the year, are expected to peak Thursday night through early Friday morning, according to the American Meteor Society (AMS).
Peak activity is predicted to occur from 10 p.m. to 1 a.m. EST, during which the Quadrantids can produce about 120 meteors per hour, according to the AMS.
A view of stargazing as Quadrantids meteor showers peak, at Pigeon Point Light Station in Pescadero, Calif., Jan. 4, 2024.
Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images
However, the peak is typically a much shorter timeframe than other meteor showers, according to NASA. Most meteor showers have a two-day peak, but the Quadrantids only peak for a few hours due to the shower’s thin stream of particles — and because Earth crosses the stream at a perpendicular angle.
Therefore, Earth passes through the densest portion of the stream quickly, according to the AMS.
Where do the Quadrantids come from?
The Quadrantids originate from asteroid 2003 EH1, unlike most meteor showers, which originate from comets, according to NASA. Asteroid 2003 EH1 takes about 5.52 years to orbit the Sun and could be a “dead comet” or “rock comet,” a rare celestial body that exhibits characteristics of both an asteroid and a comet.
The “small” asteroid, with a diameter measuring only about two miles, was discovered in March 2003. Quadrantid meteors were first seen in 1825, according to NASA.
Quadrantids meteor shower over Pacific Ocean of Half Moon Bay in California, Jan. 4, 2024.
Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images
The Quadrantids are considered among astronomers as one of the “best” annual meteor showers, according to NASA. They peak every year in early January and can produce 60 to as many as 200 meteors per hour under perfect conditions.
They are also known for their bright fireballs, according to NASA. The Quadrantids originate from larger particles of material, which result in larger explosions of light and color that can persist longer than an average meteor streak.
How to view the Quadrantids
The radiant for Quadrantids — the point in the sky from which the meteors appear to originate — is an obsolete constellation called “Quadrans Muralis,” located between the constellations of Bootes and Draco.
The best way to view the Quadrantids is from the Northern Hemisphere during the predawn hours, as this area of the sky lies very low in the northwest in the evening. But as night progresses, the sky swings 40 degrees beneath the northern celestial pole before beginning a slow rise into the northeastern sky, according to the AMS.
“It is between this time and dawn that you will have your best chance to view these meteors,” according to the AMS.
A waning crescent moon will allow skies to remain dark for good viewing conditions as long as clouds do not hamper visibility.
An image of an etching of an astronomical chart showing Bootes the Ploughman holding a spear, a sickle, and two dogs, Asterion and Chara, on leash. It also shows a quadrant, and the hair of Berenice forming the constellations.
Library of Congress
Viewers can lie flat on their back with feet facing northeast to take in as much of the night sky as possible, NASA said.
“By facing this direction you be able to see meteors shoot out of the radiant in all directions,” the AMS said.
With peak activity expected between 15:00 and 18:00 Universal Time, viewers in the Pacific area, including the Hawaiian Islands and Alaska, are favored to have the best viewing conditions, according to the AMS.
It is important to allow eyes to adjust to the dark for at least 30 minutes to allow for be viewing conditions, according to NASA. “Serious observers” should watch for at least an hour, as numerous peaks and valleys will occur, according to the AMS.