Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are non-cancerous growths that grow in the uterus. They are often detected during routine gynecological visits and can be found in different sizes, locations and numbers. Many women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms, but for some, the health impact can be significant.
Causes
While the exact cause of uterine fibroids is not completely known, several factors may play a part in their growth. Genetics are also a major factor — fibroids often run in families. Hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone, also encourage the growth of fibroids, and this is why they often shrink after menopause when hormone levels drop. Obesity, early menstruation and a diet rich in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables also may increase the likelihood of developing fibroids. Also, African-American women are at higher risk to develop fibroids and tend to have more severe symptoms.
Symptoms
Uterine fibroids can be asymptomatic, and many women do not know they have them. But in some cases, fibroids can lead to a variety of symptoms. The most typical symptoms are heavy menstrual bleeding, long periods and pelvic pain or pressure. Some women also suffer from frequent urination, constipation and pain during intercourse. In the most severe cases, fibroids can cause infertility, or pregnancy complications, including miscarriage or premature labor. How severe the symptoms are often depends on the size, number and location of the fibroids.
Prevention
While some precautions may not be able to stop uterine fibroids, some lifestyle changes can lower the risk or help control the condition. Regular exercise and a healthy weight are important because obesity is a risk factor for fibroids. A healthy diet that includes lots of fruits, vegetables and whole grains and limits red and processed meats may help reduce the risk. There’s also evidence that a vitamin D-rich diet could have a protective effect—more research is needed to confirm this association, however.
In the area of hormonal balance, controlling estrogen is the primary strategy in preventing or treating fibroids. Some and especially hormonal birth control methods, like the pill or intrauterine devices (IUDs), can help regulate menstrual cycles and minimize heavy bleeding linked to fibroids.
Uterine artery embolistaion, myomectomy or hysterectomy as a last resort are other available treatment options. For women with more severe symptoms, medications such as GnRH agonists or progestins can help shrink fibroids by reducing levels of estrogen. Antibiotic drugs sound somehow, but some cases should be removed surgically. Uterine fibroids are a prevalent condition that may present different symptoms. Caring for your uterus through healthy lifestyle choices, alongside regular gynecological visits for screenings, can help support your overall uterine health.
Dr. Kinjal Avdhut Kothari, Associate Consultant OBG, Manipal Hospital, Goa