Science and Technology Important Topics for Prelims: Science and Technology has a vast syllabus in the UPSC syllabus, particularly in the Prelims exam. Therefore, the candidates must scrutinize Science and technology important topics for UPSC prelims to prepare well for the exam and score higher marks.
Grasping key topics in Science and Technology not only assists in the Prelims but also enriches the candidates’ knowledge base for the Mains and interview stages. Here, we have provided a focused guide to help candidates prepare effectively for the Science and technology important topics for Prelims 2025.
Science and Technology in UPSC Prelims
The Science and Technology section examines candidates on their awareness of recent advancements and their applications. It covers a wide range of topics, including historical scientific achievements, especially those relevant to India. Candidates must stay updated on the latest developments in S&T such as Nobel Prize 2024 winners and their contributions to be able to solve questions in Prelims.
| Themes to Prepare in Science and Technology for UPSC Prelims | ||
|---|---|---|
| Topic | Description | Examples |
| Recent Advancements | Awareness of the latest developments in science and technology. | AI, microRNA, Artificial neural networks, Computational protein design, etc. |
| Historical Achievements | Significant scientific milestones, particularly those relevant to India. | ISRO missions, Indian inventions |
| Basic IT | Fundamental concepts in information technology and their applications. | Software, hardware, cybersecurity |
| Space Technology | Developments in space science and exploration, particularly by India. | Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan |
| Computers | Knowledge of computer systems, networks, and software applications. | Operating systems, programming languages |
| Robotics | Understanding the principles and applications of robotics. | Industrial robots, AI in robotics |
| Biotechnology | Innovations in biotechnology and their implications in health and agriculture. | Genetic engineering, CRISPR |
| Intellectual Property Rights | Awareness of IP rights related to inventions and innovations in science and technology. | Patents, trademarks, copyrights |
Science and Technology Important Topics for Prelims 2025
To streamline your study schedule for Prelims 2025, it’s essential to cover the main areas and important Science and Technology topics for UPSC. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the various topics within each subject area of Science and Technology for UPSC Prelims 2025:
Basic Science and Technology
Science and technology important topics for prelims 2025 include the fundamentals of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and recent scientific discoveries and innovations.
| Physics | Basic concepts, recent advancements in nuclear and particle physics, and applications in daily life. |
| Chemistry | Chemical properties, industrial applications, environmental chemistry. |
| Biology | Human biology, biotechnology, genetics, and evolutionary studies. |
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
The important science and technology topics for UPSC for this area focus on the latest in digital technology, software developments, and their implications on society and governance.
| Cyber Security | Threats, cyber laws, data protection |
| Digital India Initiatives | Government schemes for digital empowerment |
| Artificial Intelligence | AI applications, ethics, and future prospects |
Space Technology
India’s space missions, global space research milestones, satellite technology, and the importance of space technology in global navigation and surveillance.
| ISRO Missions | Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Gaganyaan, ISRO – Indian Space Research Organisation, Reusable Launch Vehicles, Vikram Sarabhai Ramjet Vs Scramjet, APJ Abdul Kalam, Vikas Engine, GSLV – Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV – Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, LVM3 – GSLV Mk3 |
| Global Space Programs | NASA, SpaceX, ROSCOSMOS, JAXA, and others |
| Satellite Technology | Commercial use of Lithium-Ion battery technology, Hyperspectral imaging satellite, Water propulsion system in CubeSat, Saturn-cassini Mission, OSIRIS-Rex passed by Earth to reach asteroid Bennu, Google Lunar X Prize Competition, Communication satellites, remote sensing |
Energy Resources
Understanding traditional and renewable energy resources, their uses, impacts, and future trends in energy technology.
| Renewable Energy | Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power advancements |
| Nuclear Energy | Technology, safety issues, and waste management |
| Energy Conservation | Techniques and policies for efficient energy use |
Environmental Technology
Technologies for environmental monitoring, pollution control, and sustainable practices.
| Sustainable Technologies | Innovations in green technology |
| Pollution Control Technologies | Air and water purification technologies |
| Climate Change Mitigation | Technological solutions to reduce carbon footprint. |
Biotechnology
The application of biotechnology in health, agriculture, and environmental conservation.
- Genetic Engineering: GMOs, CRISPR.
- Medical Biotechnology: Drug development, vaccines.
- Agricultural Biotechnology: Bio-fertilizers, pest-resistant crops.
Nanotechnology
The role of nanotechnology in various sectors such as medicine, electronics, and materials science.
- Medical Applications: Drug delivery systems, diagnostic techniques.
- Material Science: Nano-materials, their properties and applications.
- Electronics: Nano-devices, sensors.
Defence
- Defence Technology and Organisations
- Missile system and classification
- Stealth technology and unmanned vehicles
- Submarines and naval advancements
- Recent developments in defence technology
Nuclear Technology
- Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Fuels
- Types of nuclear reactions
- Nuclear Programme in India
- Safety standards in Nuclear Power plants
- Recent advancements in nuclear technology
UPSC CSE Prelims Science and Technology Weightage
Understanding the weightage of the Science and Technology section through previous UPSC CSE Prelims exams analysis can provide insight into its importance:
| Year | Science and Technology Weightage |
| 2024 | 9 |
| 2023 | 5 |
| 2022 | 14 |
| 2021 | 12 |
| 2020 | 10 |
| 2019 | 7 |
| 2018 | 13 |
How to Prepare the UPSC Science and Technology Prelims Syllabus?
If you are wondering how to cover these Science and technology important topics for Prelims 2025, then make a structured plan for strategic preparation. Follow the given preparation tips to enhance your preparation and cover the Science & Technology syllabus:
By focusing on these areas and following the preparation tips, candidates can effectively master the important Science and Technology topics for UPSC Prelims 2025. Consistent study and staying updated on scientific developments are crucial for success in this section. This structured approach will help students tackle the Science and Technology section effectively, equipping them with the knowledge to answer both straightforward and application-based questions accurately.
To boost your preparation, consider enrolling in PW UPSC online coaching for expert guidance tailored to cover topics strictly as per the Prelims syllabus.
Science and Technology Important Topics for UPSC Prelims FAQs
Is Science and Technology crucial for the UPSC Prelims?
Yes, it helps in understanding modern innovations and scientific principles affecting policies.
What are the Science and technology important topics for prelims 2025?
The important science and technology topics include Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and Biotechnology advancements.
What are some recommended Science and Technology books for UPSC Prelims?
Books by authors like A.P.J. Abdul Kalam on space technology, and standard science textbooks from NCERT.
Can I skip old technology concepts and focus only on new technologies?
It’s advisable to cover both as the syllabus includes foundational technologies as well as new advancements.
Is it necessary to understand all scientific formulas and calculations?
No, UPSC usually doesn’t require in-depth knowledge of formulas, but understanding the basic concepts behind them is essential.