While searching for “shooting stars” from the Perseid meteor shower, stargazers across large parts of the U.S. were recently treated to a stunning surprise: a giant spiral of ghostly white light. And while we know what phenomenon they saw, experts are not 100% sure of its exact oirgin.
At around 10:30 p.m. ET Tuesday (Aug. 12), right as the Perseid meteor shower started to peak, a faint point of light emerged in the skies over parts of the U.S. and Canada, before quickly growing and unfurling itself into a giant, luminous whirlpool. It then sailed across the sky for around 10 minutes, before dissipating into nothingness. It was spotted in at least 10 states, including Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Ohio and Nebraska.
Photographer Joshua Thum captured a shot of the ethereal spectacle over Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin (see above), while astrophotographer Dan Bush recorded stunning footage of the spiral moving across the night sky in Albany, Missouri (see below).
The spiral consisted of rocket fuel that had been dumped from a spacecraft preparing to reenter Earth’s atmosphere. In this type of maneuver, the fuel freezes into a cloud of tiny crystals that reflect sunlight onto the planet’s surface, making it shine in the night sky until the crystals dissipate and become invisible to the naked eye. What’s left of the rocket is normally spinning by the time the fuel is released, which is what causes the resulting cloud of crystals to form a spiral shape.
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Initial reports suggested that the spiral was triggered by a United Launch Alliance Vulcan Centaur rocket that launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 8:56 p.m. ET Tuesday and released two military satellites into orbit, according to Spaceweather.com.
However, it was later revealed that one of the European Space Agency‘s Ariane 6 rockets had been launched from a spaceport in French Guiana only 19 minutes earlier, before eventually releasing a European weather satellite into orbit around our planet. This led to confusion about which rocket triggered the spiral.
“There’s a lot of debate about this one as to where it came from and what we were witnessing as far as the geometry of what was going on, so I’m not making any guesses as to what it was,” Bush told Spaceweather.com.
Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who has been tracking rocket launches for more than three decades, told ABC News that he believes the Ariane 6 rocket is the most likely candidate, based on its trajectory. However, it is still not entirely clear which rocket triggered the spiral.
Glowing spirals and similar light shows have become more common in recent years as the number of rocket launches has increased sharply, thanks largely to the emergence of private companies like SpaceX.
Most of these glowing structures have been triggered by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and thus have been dubbed “Space X spirals.” One of the most recent examples was a gigantic whirlpool that shone above the U.K. and parts of Europe in March.
Other striking SpaceX spirals include a super-rare “horned” spiral that emerged over Europe in May 2024; a large, white whirlpool that appeared over the Arctic in March 2024; and a striking blue structure that glowed alongside auroras in April 2023. The phenomenon was also spotted by the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii in April 2022 and again in January 2023.