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The supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy NGC 3783, about 135 million
lightyears from Earth, was observed spewing material at speeds never seen before, 60,000 km/sec. This occurrence was observed by an international collaboration using two x-ray imaging satellites.
To study NGC 3783 and its black hole, Gu and colleagues simultaneously used the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton and the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), a JAXA-led mission with ESA and NASA participation.
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“We’ve not watched a black hole create winds this speedily before,” says lead researcher Liyi Gu at Space Research Organization Netherlands (SRON). “For the first time, we’ve seen how a rapid burst of X-ray light from a black hole immediately triggers ultra-fast winds, with these winds forming in just a single day.”
The black hole in question has a mass equivalent to 30 million suns. Despite the extreme winds observed emanating from this black hole, the phenomenon appears to be similar to what what the Sun does on occasion, though on an enormously different scale.
The winds from the black hole resemble large solar eruptions of material known as coronal mass ejections, which form as the sun hurls streams of superheated material into space. In this way, the study shows that supermassive black holes sometimes act like our own star, making these mysterious objects seem a little less alien.
The last coronal mass ejection from the Sun was observed on November 11 of this year; the winds speeds associated with a solar ejection are around 1,500 km/sec, which is pretty impressive by itself, but pales in comparison to the black hole ejection speed.
Through x-ray astronomy and other techniques (such as gravitational wave detection), we continue to learn more about these exotic and energetic objects.
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