NANJING, CHINA – NOVEMBER 9, 2025 – Citizens shopping at a farmers’ market in Nanjing, China’s Jiangsu Province on November 9, 2025.
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Deflation pressures in China alleviated in October as consumer prices returned to growth after remaining in negative territory for the most part this year, helped in part by holiday season demand, with the decline in wholesale prices also moderating.
Data from China’s National Bureau of Statistics released Sunday showed consumer price index reading for October at 0.2%, compared with analysts’ expectations of zero, or flat growth year on year. October’s reading was the strongest this year, and the first positive growth in consumer prices since June.
On a month-on-month basis CPI also rose by 0.2%, compared with analysts’ expectations of zero growth.
Food prices, which have been a drag on the country’s CPI, dropped 2.9% year on year. However, prices rose 0.2% over the previous month.
Factory-gate deflation eased with prices falling 2.1%, year on year, compared with Reuters’ poll estimates for a 2.2% decline, completing three years in negative territory. Month-on-month producer prices rose by 0.1% in October.
“In October, policies aimed at expanding domestic demand continued to take effect, coupled with the boost from the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays,” Dong Lijuan, chief statistician at the urban division of the National Bureau of Statistics, said in a statement.
While China’s steps aimed at reining in price wars and fueling demand seem to have started bearing fruit, with the country’s industrial profits in September rising more than 21%, experts warn that Chinese local governments’ dependence on tax revenue encourages sustained production, intensifying competition and overcapacity until there are meaningful tax changes.
China’s manufacturing activity in October declined more than expected, contracting to its lowest level in six months, according to an official survey released Oct. 30. The sub-indexes for production, new orders, raw material inventory and employment all deepened their contraction, pointing to a sharp manufacturing slowdown and softer demand.
Chinese producers have been in the throes of demand uncertainty owed to trade tensions with the U.S. this year and weak consumer confidence at home as Beijing struggles with a prolonged housing downturn and headwinds to exports.
The country’s exports in October unexpectedly contracted, with shipments to the U.S. clocking double-digit declines for a seventh consecutive month, down 25%, customs data released Thursday showed.
Going forward, export headwinds could weaken as U.S. President Donald Trump and his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, agreed to a trade truce during their meeting in South Korea on Oct. 30, defusing a potentially incendiary situation that had stoked worries of a full-blown trade war.
China’s leadership last month vowed to boost domestic consumption as it laid out the economic roadmap for the next five years. China must “vigorously boost consumption,” the meeting readout said, according to a CNBC translation.
The leaders elaborated on the need for lifting consumption with calls to balance it with “effective investment” and “adhere to the strategic point of expanding domestic demand.”
— CNBC’s Anniek Bao and Evelyn Cheng contributed to this report.