Whether you call it football or soccer, one thing is certain: it is the world’s most popular sport. According to some estimates, there are at least three billion football fans worldwide. The final of the 2018 men’s World Cup was watched by more than 3.5 billion TV viewers, while the women’s championship game in 2019 topped 1 billion. (For comparison, the 2016 Super Bowl drew approximately 165 million TV viewers.) The football matches at the 2020 Games in Tokyo are also expected to attract huge numbers. But before you tune in, brush up on some football facts.
While the origins of football date to ancient China, the modern game originated in the 1800s in Britain—and some reports claim that it was started by inmates at Newgate Prison whose arms had been amputated for stealing. By the end of the century, the game had spread virtually around the world. Its growth was aided in 1904 by the establishment of FIFA, which became the sport’s global authority. FIFA subsequently created the World Cup, which debuted in 1930 and became football’s premier event. The quadrennial tournament has been dominated by Europe and South America, with Brazil holding the title of most championships: five. Three of its World Cup-winning teams featured Pelé, who was the sport’s first superstar. In 1991 the women’s World Cup was introduced, with the U.S. team winning three of the first seven tournaments.
Men’s football made its Olympic debut at the 1900 Games in Paris, where Great Britain took the first gold medal, and has been contested ever since—except at the 1932 Games in Los Angeles, when a dispute between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and FIFA over amateur regulations resulted in the event’s being dropped from the roster. The initial ban on professional players resulted in some unlikely results. The most successful country in the men’s event is Hungary with five medals, three of them gold. Brazil, on the other hand, has never won. Since the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, the IOC has allowed professional players to participate. Although an age limit was set at 23, each team is allowed three “over-age” players. Despite the rule change, however, many countries are forced to compete without their stars. Unlike the World Cup, the Olympic Games are not an official FIFA event, and clubs thus aren’t required to let players attend.
Women’s football was introduced as an Olympic sport at the 1996 Games in Atlanta. The U.S. won the first gold medal and became the dominant team, winning in 2004, 2008, and 2012.
At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, 16 countries are competing in the men’s event, while the women’s side has 12 participating countries.