Research consistently shows a link between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of breast cancer, and experts suggest reducing or eliminating alcohol intake as one of the most effective lifestyle changes to lower that risk.
Dr. Kelly Krupa, a breast surgical oncologist with Rochester Regional Health, emphasized the strong association observed in multiple studies. “The data from observational studies has been consistent – there is an association with alcohol intake and breast cancer risk. The exact biologic mechanisms and how alcohol interacts with other risk factors is still being examined,” Krupa said.
An analysis of 53 studies revealed that women who consume two to three alcoholic drinks per day face a 20% higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to non-drinkers. Another review of 118 studies indicated that even light drinking slightly increases breast cancer risk, with the risk escalating for moderate and heavy drinkers.
Alcohol’s role in breast cancer risk is thought to involve several biological pathways. Research suggests alcohol may elevate estrogen levels, a hormone closely tied to hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Alcohol can also enhance breast tissue’s sensitivity to estrogen, further increasing risk. Additionally, alcohol is metabolized into acetaldehyde, a chemical that can damage DNA and impair the body’s ability to repair such damage, potentially leading to tumor formation.


Obesity, another known breast cancer risk factor, may also be influenced by alcohol consumption. Excessive drinking can contribute to weight gain, increasing estrogen levels and insulin resistance, both of which are linked to higher cancer risk.
To reduce their breast cancer risk, women are advised to limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day. One standard drink equates to 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of liquor.
Additional recommended lifestyle changes include maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active for at least 150 minutes per week, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and quitting smoking.
Krupa also highlighted the importance of individualized breast cancer risk assessments, which consider a woman’s health data and personal history to determine screening needs. These assessments may lead to recommendations for mammograms, breast MRIs, genetic testing, preventive medication, or even surgery.
“A healthy lifestyle overall contributes to lowering risk for many diseases and may help modify risk factors for developing breast cancer,” Krupa said. “It is important to follow screening recommendations for mammograms, ask your provider about your risk for breast cancer, and seek evaluation if you have any concerns or questions.”
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